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United States

Early Childhood Profile

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OverviewHealthEarly Care and Education

State Choices to Promote Access

Young children who lack health insurance, 2009
Young children who lack health insurance, 2009

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Young children who lack health insurance, 20091

Young children, ages 3-5 years, on Medicaid receiving at least one EPSDT* screen in a 12-month period, 2008
Young children, ages 3-5 years, on Medicaid receiving at least one EPSDT* screen in a 12-month period, 2008

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Young children, ages 3-5 years, on Medicaid receiving at least one EPSDT* screen in a 12-month period, 20082

Percent of low-income children with a medical home, by insurance type, 2007
Percent of low-income children with a medical home, by insurance type, 2007

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Percent of low-income children with a medical home, by insurance type, 20073

  • 47 states set the income eligibility limit for public health insurance (Medicaid/SCHIP) at or above 200% of the federal poverty level (FPL) for children ages birth to 5. [2010]4
  • 23 states set the income eligibility limit for public health insurance (Medicaid/SCHIP) at or above 200% of the federal poverty level (FPL) for pregnant women. [2010]4
  • 12 states set the income eligibility limit for public health insurance (Medicaid/SCHIP) at or above 200% of the federal poverty level (FPL) for immigrant children 0-1yr. [2010]4
  • 6 states set the income eligibility limit for public health insurance (Medicaid/SCHIP) at or above 200% of the federal poverty level (FPL) for immigrant children 3-5yrs. [2010]4
  • 18 states set the income eligibility limit for public health insurance (Medicaid/SCHIP) at or above 200% of the federal poverty level (FPL) for immigrant pregnant women. [2010]4
  • 21 states provide lawfully residing immigrant children with Medicaid/CHIP coverage without 5-year waiting period [2010]5
  • 17 states provide lawfully residing pregnant immigrant women with Medicaid/CHIP coverage without 5-year waiting period [2010]5
  • 32 states provide temporary coverage to pregnant women under Medicaid until eligibility can be formally determined. [2010]4
  • 17 states provide temporary coverage to children under Medicaid or CHIP until eligibility can be formally determined. [2010]4
  • 13 states include at-risk children in the definition of eligibility for IDEA Part C. [2009]6
  • 32 states do not require redetermination of eligibility for Medicaid/CHIP more than once a year [2010]4
50-State Data   Policy Definitions

State Choices to Promote Quality

EPSDT screening periodicity schedule meets recommendations of American Academy of Pediatrics [FY 2009]7

  • 8 states 7 Screenings for children <1 year
  • 40 states 4 Screenings for children 1-2 years
  • 50 states 3 Screenings for children 3-5 years
  • 32 states require newborn screening for the 29 metabolic deficiencies/disorders recommended by the March of Dimes [2011]8
50-State Data   Policy Definitions
OverviewEarly Care and Education
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Data Notes and Sources

Last Updated: September 26, 2011

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  1. National data were calculated from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (the March supplement) of the Current Population Survey from 2010, representing information from the previous calendar year. State data were calculated from the 2009 American Community Survey, representing information from 2009.
  2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, EPSDT CMS-416 Data, FY 2007, updated on July, 1, 2008
  3. Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative. 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health. www.nschdata.org. (accessed February 28, 2010).
  4. Heberlein, Martha; Brooks, Tricia; Guyer, Jocelyn; Artiga, Samantha; and Stephens, Jessica. 2011. Holding Steady, Looking Ahead: Annual Findings of a 50-State Survey of Eligibility Rules, Enrollment and Renewal Procedures, and Cost Sharing Practices in Medicaid and CHIP, 2010-2011 Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. http://www.kff.org (accessed February 16, 2011)
  5. Some states might offer this coverage through Medicaid alone, or through Medicaid and CHIP
    Heberlein, Martha; Brooks, Tricia; Guyer, Jocelyn; Artiga, Samantha; and Stephens, Jessica. 2011. Holding Steady, Looking Ahead: Annual Findings of a 50-State Survey of Eligibility Rules, Enrollment and Renewal Procedures, and Cost Sharing Practices in Medicaid and CHIP, 2010-2011 Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. http://www.kff.org (accessed February 16, 2011)
  6. The Early Intervention Program for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities (Part C) section of The Individuals with Disability Education Act (IDEA) provides early intervention services to children and families age 0-2yrs. Nationally, an average of 2.53% of children ages 0-2 are served.
    U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Data Analysis System (DANS). 2008. Infants and Toddlers Receiving Early Intervention Services in Accordance with Part C.
  7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 2010. The Annual EPSDT Report (Form CMS-416). Accessed February 18, 2010, from https://www.cms.gov
  8. National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center. 2011. National Newborn Screening Status Report. http://genes-r-us.uthscsa.edu (accessed September 14, 2011). http://www.marchofdimes.com (accessed September 14, 2011).