Less than High SchoolHigh SchoolSome College or More
Low-IncomeAbove Low-IncomeLow-IncomeAbove Low-IncomeLow-IncomeAbove Low-Income
National19%3%31%12%50%85%
Alabama18%2%33%12%49%86%
Alaska13%2%33%15%53%83%
Arizona23%4%29%12%48%85%
Arkansas16%3%34%14%50%83%
California30%5%28%12%42%82%
Colorado18%3%28%10%54%87%
Connecticut17%2%32%10%50%88%
Delaware19%4%39%13%42%83%
District of Columbia22%4%41%9%37%87%
Florida16%3%32%13%52%85%
Georgia20%3%31%12%49%85%
Hawaii11%2%31%16%58%82%
Idaho13%3%24%11%63%86%
Illinois18%3%32%11%50%87%
Indiana18%4%31%13%51%83%
Iowa14%2%26%10%60%88%
Kansas17%3%26%8%57%89%
Kentucky15%2%33%13%52%85%
Louisiana18%3%36%16%45%81%
Maine7%1%32%11%61%88%
Maryland20%3%31%11%50%86%
Massachusetts18%2%32%10%50%88%
Michigan15%2%30%10%55%88%
Minnesota17%2%24%7%59%91%
Mississippi16%3%30%12%54%85%
Missouri15%2%30%11%56%87%
Montana7%2%30%11%63%88%
Nebraska19%2%25%9%56%89%
Nevada24%6%31%17%45%77%
New Hampshire10%2%32%11%58%88%
New Jersey18%2%33%11%49%87%
New Mexico19%4%29%15%52%81%
New York22%3%32%12%46%85%
North Carolina20%2%27%9%53%89%
North Dakota8%2%31%9%61%89%
Ohio15%2%33%12%52%86%
Oklahoma18%3%34%15%48%82%
Oregon19%3%27%10%53%87%
Pennsylvania16%3%37%13%48%84%
Rhode Island18%2%36%14%46%84%
South Carolina16%2%32%11%52%87%
South Dakota12%2%31%9%57%89%
Tennessee17%2%35%14%48%84%
Texas27%5%31%13%42%82%
Utah12%2%22%10%66%88%
Vermont8%1%33%13%59%86%
Virginia17%2%30%10%53%88%
Washington20%3%25%11%55%86%
West Virginia12%2%41%18%47%80%
Wisconsin15%2%30%10%55%88%
Wyoming9%2%27%15%63%83%

Data Notes and Sources

Because of rounding, not all figures will add up to 100%.

National data were calculated from the 2019 American Community Survey, representing information from 2019. State data were calculated from the 2015-2019 American Community Survey, representing information from the years 2015 to 2019.

Definitions

The demographic findings on this page were calculated using federal poverty thresholds issued by the U.S. Census Bureau. For more information about federal poverty thresholds, see the US Census website.

Child
A child is defined as an individual under the age of 18. Children living independently, living with a spouse, living in group quarters, and children ages 14 and under living with only unrelated adults are excluded from these data.
Low Income
Families and children are defined as low-income if the family income is less than twice the federal poverty threshold (see Poor).
Parent
A parent is defined as an individual over the age of 17 who lives with a dependent child. Among children who do not live with at least one parent, parental characteristics are those of the householder and/or the householder's spouse.
Poor
Families and children are defined as poor if family income is below the federal poverty threshold. The federal poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was $25,926 in 2019, $25,465 in 2018, $24,600 in 2017, $24,300 in 2016, and $24,250 in 2015.

For definitions of other terms, please refer to Explanations of Terms and Data Sources.